Dr. Zackary Byrd
Hip, Knee
Arthritis of the Spine
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You may be experiencing pain or discomfort and wondering if spinal arthritis is causing your symptoms. It’s important to know more about what exactly causes this type of joint condition, what diagnosis and treatment options are available, how they work, and which would best suit you. In this article, we’ll discuss all things related to arthritis of the spine—from diagnosis to treatments.
At JIS Orthopedics, our surgeons can diagnose spinal arthritis and offer tailored treatment plans according to the cause and extent of your condition. Contact our clinics in New Albany and St. Clairsville, Ohio, today!
What is Spinal Arthritis?
Spinal arthritis is the inflammation of the facet joints in the spine or the sacroiliac joints connecting the spine and pelvis. It can be caused by wear and tear, autoimmune disorders, infections, and various other factors. This inflammation can also extend to the ligaments and tendons attached to the spine, leading to chronic pain.
Types of Spinal Arthritis
Arthritis comes in various forms, and more than 100 types can affect the spine. These types fall into two categories: inflammatory and non-inflammatory (degenerative). Let’s delve into some common ones:
Osteoarthritis of the Spine
Osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease) is a type of degenerative arthritis. It is the most prevalent form of spinal arthritis. It typically affects the lower back and arises due to wear and tear on the joints.
Over time, as cartilage between the joints deteriorates, inflammation and pain follow. This pain is often most noticeable when bending or twisting the back and can be exacerbated by past back injuries.
Spinal osteoarthritis usually targets the facet joints between vertebrae and is referred to as facet joint arthritis, facet joint syndrome, or facet disease. In some cases, degeneration of spinal discs can contribute to facet joint arthritis, as thinning discs increase pressure on the facet joints, causing more friction and cartilage damage.
When these degenerative changes occur in the neck, it’s called cervical spondylosis, which may not always cause noticeable symptoms.
As the facet joints wear down, the space in the spinal canal becomes smaller. This disorder is known as spinal stenosis. Bone spurs called osteophytes can then grow in the spinal canal.
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Spine
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder, attacks the synovium—the lining of the joints. While more common in other joints, it can also affect the spine, particularly the neck. This type of arthritis is considered inflammatory and can cause back pain even when the affected joints aren’t in use. It is more prevalent among women than men.
Spondyloarthritis
Spondyloarthritis encompasses a group of inflammatory diseases affecting both joints and the points where ligaments and tendons attach to bones (entheses). Although inflammatory in origin, spondyloarthritis differs from rheumatoid arthritis. It includes various forms, some of which are more likely to impact the spine:
- Ankylosing spondylitis can cause inflammation of the vertebrae and sacroiliac joints at the spine’s base. In severe cases, it can lead to vertebral fusion and a hunched back.
- Psoriatic arthritis, associated with psoriasis, may affect the spine in addition to smaller joints.
- Reactive arthritis is joint inflammation triggered by infections elsewhere in the body, often in the bowel or genitals. Spinal reactive arthritis tends to occur in the lower back and usually resolves on its own.
- Enteropathic arthritis is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and while not all IBD patients develop arthritis, it may affect the spine in some cases.
Who Does Spinal Arthritis Affect?
Arthritis of the spine could affect anyone. Some forms of spinal arthritis are hereditary. Other types affect those who:
- Are older
- Are overweight or obese
- Have associated conditions, such as diabetes, psoriasis, gout, irritable bowel syndrome, tuberculosis, and Lyme disease.
How Do I Know If I Have Arthritis of the Spine?
Symptoms of spinal arthritis may differ from person to person. In general, they may include:
- Back pain, especially in the lower back or lumbar spine.
- Neck pain.
- Reduced mobility and rigidity in the spine, which might lead to difficulties in straightening your back or rotating your neck.
- Inflammation and sensitivity in the impacted vertebrae.
- The sensation of grinding or discomfort during spine movement.
- Discomfort, inflammation, and stiffness in various parts of the body, particularly noticeable in cases of inflammatory arthritis.
- Generalized weakness and fatigue throughout the entire body, a more prevalent occurrence in cases of inflammatory arthritis.
- Tingling or numbness in your arms or legs when the nerves are affected.
- Occurrence of headaches in situations involving neck arthritis.
Although back pain is a common symptom, not all people have it, even those with advanced spinal arthritis. On the other hand, some may experience pain even before arthritis can be seen on an X-ray. In certain types of spondyloarthritis, eye inflammation (iritis or uveitis) may occur, causing pain, watery eyes, and blurred vision.
How is Arthritis of the Spine Diagnosed?
Determining if you have arthritis of the spine involves a thorough evaluation. Diagnosing spinal arthritis may involve a consideration of your medical history, physical exams, blood tests, X-rays, and other imaging techniques.
Spinal Arthritis Treatment
Spinal arthritis treatment options depend on various factors, including your age, pain level, arthritis type, and personal health goals.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Non-surgical treatments may include the following:
- Medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to provide targeted pain relief
- Other medications to target inflammatory symptoms
- Physical therapy and exercise can reduce pain caused by arthritis.
- Lifestyle changes can be made to avoid putting excess load on your spine
Surgical Treatments
In some cases, surgery may be recommended to alleviate pain and stabilize the spine. Surgery may be used to achieve the following:
- Relieve pressure on the spinal cord and release the nerve roots from bone spurs and other tissues that may be exerting pressure on them.
- Enhancing spinal stability by connecting multiple segments in a procedure known as spinal fusion.
When to Seek Medical Care
If you are experiencing intense back pain, or if your back hurts for more than 3 days, or you have stiffness for more than 2 weeks—it’s time to check out what may be causing your back pain.
Book Your Appointment Today
If you suspect you have spinal arthritis or are experiencing symptoms, it’s crucial to seek medical care. Our experienced team at JIS Orthopedics, with locations in New Albany and St. Clairsville, OH, is here to provide comprehensive care and help you find the right treatment for your condition.
Learn more about our spine specialty services. Don’t hesitate to contact us for expert guidance on managing spinal arthritis. Your well-being is our priority.
Medically reviewed by Derek Snook, MD
Seeing a Spine Specialist
Even if you follow steps to help protect your spine, injuries can still happen. When they do, schedule an appointment with Dr. Derek Snook at JIS Orthopedics! Scheduling an appointment earlier can help shorten your recovery and get you back to the thins you love. We want to help you live without limits!
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